3,027 research outputs found

    Some reactions of unsaturated ring systems containing sulphonyl groups

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    The Challenge of Apportionment

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    During the past half century, one of the most significant problems in the area of community property has been the apportionment of income or of an increase in value in situations involving the expenditure of community labor on separate property. Arising out of a conflict between fundamental community property concepts, this problem has served to perplex lawyers and judges alike. Confronted with the problem, courts have designed a number of systems of apportionment with wide-ranging consequences. Some of these systems, however, are inequitable, others are inflexible, and still others lack any definite criteria. Despite the efforts devoted toward solving this problem, it still remains surrounded by the ominous clouds of inequity and uncertainty. In light of the diverse systems of apportionment and their varying results, a knowledge of the law in this area is of particular importance to the lawyer and his client. Likewise, the judge, in reaching a sound result, must have a thorough knowledge of the various facets of the problem and the various solutions which have been developed. In considering the challenges presented in this area, it is advisable to consider the underlying reasons for the basic problem, the various attempts of the courts to solve the problem, and the application of these systems. It is then possible to consider the various techniques for avoiding the problem and the development of a more equitable and satisfactory method of apportionment

    Annual Survey of Virginia Law: Business and Corporate Law

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    This article reviews recent developments in the law affecting Virginia businesses and corporations. Part I covers judicial decisions, including: (1) two Eastern District of Virginia cases in which Virginia corporate law was applied to help ward-off hostile takeovers; (2) three Fourth Circuit opinions affecting private actions under the federal securities laws; (3) a Supreme Court of Virginia decision specifically enforcing a close corporation buy-sell agreement against a deceased shareholder\u27s widow; (4) an Eastern District of Virginia case in which close corporation squeeze-out allegations were held sufficient to state a federal claim for securities fraud; and (5) a Western District of Virginia case in which the merger of two Roanoke hospitals withstood a government antitrust challenge. Part II covers legislative and regulatory developments, including: (1) Virginia\u27s enactment of an Indiana-style Control Share Acquisitions Statute; (2) a temporary grant of power to boards of directors of public Virginia corporations allowing them to reduce the shareholder vote required to amend their articles of incorporation; (3) several new provisions affecting nonstock corporations; (4) changes affecting registration exemptions for certain shares traded over-the-counter; and (5) the State Corporation Commission\u27s plans to allow on-line access to its computerized records

    Fluid Flow, Thermal History, and Diagenesis of the Cambrian-Ordovician Arbuckle Group and Overlying Units in South-Central Kansas

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    A diagenetic study of the Cambrian-Ordovician Arbuckle Group to the Middle Pennsylvanian Cherokee Group in south-central Kansas produced evidence of regional advective fluid flow and more localized fracture-controlled fluid flow affecting porosity. Late-stage megaquartz, baroque dolomite, and calcite produced high homogenization temperatures (86-144C), greater than can be explained by burial, necessitating hydrothermal fluids. Fluid inclusion salinities evolved from connate to those influenced by evaporites. Homogenization temperatures and 18O in baroque dolomite suggest warmer fluids stratigraphically shallower. The 87Sr/86Sr values indicate a regional advective aquifer during baroque dolomite precipitation, which may have been more locally controlled during calcite precipitation. Ouachita tectonism caused tectonically valved and gravity-driven fluid flow sourced from the Anadarko basin and possibly involved sandstone aquifers or basement. Mechanisms of ancient fluid flow appear to contrast with the modern system, which is separated internally by seal facies. The ancient aquifer system was vertically connected during migration of hydrothermal fluids
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